Distribution Power Systems Engineering
Distribution systems are where the grid meets the customer. These notes cover the design, analysis, operation, and modernization of the distribution network — from substations to meters, and increasingly from meters back to the grid via distributed energy resources.
Core Topics
Distribution System Architecture
Radial, loop, and meshed topologies. Primary and secondary distribution. Substation design. Feeder configuration.
Distribution Load Flow
Backward-forward sweep methods. Unbalanced three-phase analysis. Modeling of loads, capacitors, regulators, and DER.
Voltage Regulation
Voltage profiles along feeders. Capacitor banks, voltage regulators, LTC transformers. Conservation voltage reduction (CVR).
Distribution Protection
Overcurrent coordination, fuses, reclosers, sectionalizers. Fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR).
Distribution Automation (DA)
SCADA for distribution, automated switching, self-healing grid capabilities, ADMS.
DER Integration
Impact of solar PV, storage, EVs, and microgrids on distribution systems. Hosting capacity analysis, interconnection standards (IEEE 1547).
Distribution Planning
Load forecasting, capacity planning, reliability metrics (SAIDI, SAIFI, CAIDI), infrastructure investment decisions.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Smart meters, two-way communication, demand response, data analytics applications.
Key Questions These Notes Answer
- How does a distribution feeder maintain acceptable voltage along its length?
- How does protection coordination work in a radial distribution system?
- What happens to protection and voltage when DERs are added to a feeder?
- How do distribution operators use SCADA and ADMS to manage their systems?
- How is hosting capacity calculated for a feeder?
Prerequisites
Connects To
- Renewable Energy & DER
- Power Electronics — inverter-based DER
- Control Systems — FLISR, VVC
- Distribution System Operator
- PE Exam — Power